Cancer incidence of liver, pancreas, kidney, esophagus, stomach, lung, thyroid, squamous cell carcinoma, and leukaemia considerably increased for both sexes with T1DM. A thorough meta-analysis has revealed that the presence of T2DM is related with around a 10% increase in the risk of acquiring cancer.
The relationship between diabetes and cancer has been hypothesized for more than 100 years. The risk of malignancies appears to be elevated in both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Cancer was also shown to be the second most prevalent cause of death for patients with T1DM. On the other hand, around 8%-18% of patients with cancer have diabetes. Further, past research have revealed that diabetes is connected with an increased risk of cancer death. However, the underlying processes connecting diverse forms of diabetes and malignancies have not yet been reviewed.
Cancer incidence of liver, pancreas, kidney, esophagus, stomach, lung, thyroid, squamous cell carcinoma, and leukaemia considerably increased for both sexes with T1DM. A thorough meta-analysis has revealed that the presence of T2DM is related with around a 10% increase in the risk of acquiring cancer. The hepatic, biliary tract, gallbladder, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, kidney, bladder, lung, thyroid, breast, ovarian, endometrial, oral, leukemia, glioma, and melanoma cancers have all been linked to type 2 diabetes, according to a number of prior research. Of them, colorectal, hepatocellular, and pancreatic cancers have been shown to carry the highest risks.
The majority of chemotherapy drugs cause damage to the cell cycle or cellular DNA, which causes apoptosis to occur disproportionately in rapidly dividing cells. According to a number of studies, fulminant T1DM or autoimmune-mediated T1DM occurred in individuals who underwent chemotherapeutic treatments including paclitaxel, interferon-alpha, or tegafur-uracil (UFT).
Glucocorticoids are frequently used to treat blood system malignancies.They are also used to treat cachexia associated with cancer, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and cancer pain.They also play a supporting function in the management of autoimmune diseases brought on by immunomodulatory treatments and inflammatory side effects of cancer treatment.For more than 50 years, glucocorticoid usage has been linked to the development of steroid-induced diabetes mellitus.
Several cancer forms, including breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma, have been treated using mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Clinical study data indicated that mTOR inhibitor therapy was linked to a high rate of new-onset diabetes and hyperglycemia, ranging from 13% to 50%.
Adoptive cell therapy, oncolytic viruses, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and cancer vaccines are examples of cancer immunotherapies that work by influencing the immune system to identify and combat cancer cells. The endocrine system may experience toxicity levels as a result of certain treatments. For example, individuals receiving anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL-1) antibodies have been documented to develop insulin-dependent diabetes. It was estimated that between 0.4% and 0.9% of this population had diabetes.
The relationship between diabetes mellitus and cancer is complex. In conclusion, T1DM and T2DM increase the incidence of certain malignancies and cancer death. Conversely, diabetes mellitus is linked to a higher risk of developing certain types of cancer and cancer treatments. The interaction between diabetes mellitus and malignancies also seems to be influenced by hereditary factors, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin, cancer treatments, and some oral hypoglycemic medications. Therefore, we recommend that individuals with diabetes get cancer screening and that individuals with cancer undergo diabetes prevention measures. It is worthwhile to do more study to examine the connections among these various illnesses.
